Scientific Calculator — Full-Featured Online Calculator
Our free online scientific calculator handles everything from basic arithmetic to advanced trigonometry, logarithms, powers, roots, and factorial calculations. Switch between scientific, standard, and programmer modes. Evaluate complete mathematical expressions with proper order of operations, use memory functions, and browse your calculation history. Full keyboard support included.
Calculator Functions Reference
| Function | Button | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sine | sin | sin(30°) | 0.5 |
| Cosine | cos | cos(60°) | 0.5 |
| Tangent | tan | tan(45°) | 1 |
| Arcsine | sin⁻¹ | sin⁻¹(0.5) | 30° |
| Square Root | √x | √(144) | 12 |
| Cube Root | ∛x | ∛(27) | 3 |
| Square | x² | 5² | 25 |
| Power | xʸ | 2^10 | 1024 |
| Natural Log | ln | ln(e) | 1 |
| Log base 10 | log | log(1000) | 3 |
| Factorial | x! | 10! | 3,628,800 |
| Absolute Value | |x| | |-7| | 7 |
| Reciprocal | 1/x | 1/8 | 0.125 |
| e to power x | eˣ | e² | 7.389 |
| Pi | π | π | 3.14159… |
Trigonometry Reference
The trigonometric functions relate the angles of a right triangle to the ratios of its sides. This calculator supports all six trig functions and their inverses in degrees, radians, and gradians.
| Function | Definition | Key Values (degrees) |
|---|---|---|
| sin(θ) | Opposite / Hypotenuse | sin(0)=0, sin(30)=0.5, sin(90)=1 |
| cos(θ) | Adjacent / Hypotenuse | cos(0)=1, cos(60)=0.5, cos(90)=0 |
| tan(θ) | Opposite / Adjacent | tan(0)=0, tan(45)=1, tan(90)=undefined |
| sin⁻¹(x) | Returns angle whose sin = x | sin⁻¹(1) = 90° |
| cos⁻¹(x) | Returns angle whose cos = x | cos⁻¹(0) = 90° |
| tan⁻¹(x) | Returns angle whose tan = x | tan⁻¹(1) = 45° |
Angle Unit Conversion
| From | To Degrees | To Radians | To Gradians |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Degree | 1° | π/180 ≈ 0.01745 rad | 10/9 ≈ 1.111 grad |
| 1 Radian | 180/π ≈ 57.296° | 1 rad | 200/π ≈ 63.662 grad |
| 1 Gradian | 0.9° | π/200 ≈ 0.01571 rad | 1 grad |
| Full circle | 360° | 2π rad | 400 grad |
| Right angle | 90° | π/2 rad | 100 grad |
| Straight line | 180° | π rad | 200 grad |
Order of Operations (PEMDAS)
This calculator evaluates full mathematical expressions following standard order of operations:
| Priority | Operation | Example | Evaluated As |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (highest) | Parentheses | 2×(3+4) | 2×7 = 14 |
| 2 | Exponents/Powers | 2+3^2 | 2+9 = 11 |
| 3 | Multiplication | 3+4×2 | 3+8 = 11 |
| 3 | Division | 8-6/2 | 8-3 = 5 |
| 4 | Addition | 2+3-1 | 5-1 = 4 |
| 4 (lowest) | Subtraction | 10-3+2 | 7+2 = 9 |
Common Mathematical Constants
| Constant | Symbol | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pi | π | 3.14159265358979… | Ratio of circumference to diameter |
| Euler's Number | e | 2.71828182845904… | Base of natural logarithm |
| Golden Ratio | φ | 1.61803398874989… | (1 + √5) / 2 |
| Square Root 2 | √2 | 1.41421356237310… | Diagonal of unit square |
| Square Root 3 | √3 | 1.73205080756888… | Height of equilateral triangle |
Number Systems (Programmer Mode)
| System | Base | Digits Used | Example (decimal 255) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Binary | 2 | 0, 1 | 11111111 |
| Octal | 8 | 0–7 | 377 |
| Decimal | 10 | 0–9 | 255 |
| Hexadecimal | 16 | 0–9, A–F | FF |
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I calculate sin(45 degrees)?
Make sure the angle mode is set to DEG (shown in the calculator header). Then press 4, 5, sin. The result is sin(45°) = 0.7071067811865476, which is the exact value of √2/2.
What is e on a calculator?
The letter e on a calculator refers to Euler's number — approximately 2.71828. It is the base of the natural logarithm. The eˣ button raises e to the power of x. The ln button is the inverse — it gives you the power to which e must be raised to equal x.
How do I calculate a factorial?
Enter the number first, then press the x! button. For example, 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120. Factorials grow very fast — 170! is approximately 7.26 × 10^306, which is near the limit of JavaScript's floating point numbers.
How do I convert between degrees and radians?
To convert degrees to radians: multiply by π/180. For example, 90° × (π/180) = π/2 ≈ 1.5708 radians. To convert radians to degrees: multiply by 180/π. For example, π/2 × (180/π) = 90°. Alternatively, just switch the angle mode on the calculator and re-enter your calculation.
What is the difference between log and ln?
"log" on most scientific calculators refers to log base 10 (common logarithm). log(100) = 2 because 10² = 100. "ln" refers to the natural logarithm — log base e (Euler's number ≈ 2.718). ln(e) = 1, ln(e²) = 2. In mathematics, "log" without a base often means natural log, but in science and engineering it usually means base 10.